Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus: what it is and how to remove it
Crypted is a ransomware-type cyber infection that was first spotted in the spring of 2016, appending .crypted file extension to various files on the targeted computer. It is a common extension that many ransomware families might be using for their file encryption.
Facts checked October 7, 2026. Removal steps tested on Windows 11 (26H2) and checked against Microsoft's and the browser makers' current documentation. Sections marked as our earlier report are the original text: they describe the threat as it was then and have not been reviewed since. The 2026 status, the removal steps and the questions are current.
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Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus: summary
| Name | Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus |
|---|---|
| Type | Ransomware, data locking malware, cryptovirus |
| Malware family | Nemucod, PyCL, MegaLocker, James Roach, Pay_creditcard, and others |
| Encryption methods | RSA, AES, and others (depending on a version) |
| File extension | .crypted is appended to all non-system and non-executable files |
| Ransom note | DECRYPT.txt, pay_creditcard.html, etc; the text is quoted in full below |
| Removal | Scan the PC with security software to find and remove the malware and anything installed with it. Fortect scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged. Remove it nowTo use the full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Fortect. The scan is free. |
Show 14 more facts
| File Recovery | If no backups are available, recovering data is almost impossible. Nonetheless, we suggest you try the alternative methods that could help you in some cases – we list them below |
|---|---|
| Detection names | No Microsoft detection name is known |
| Contact | james.roach.10@gmail.com, James.Roach.10@gmail.com |
| Encrypted file extension | .crypted |
| Decryptor | No free decryptor is known for this variant; check No More Ransom (nomoreransom.org) for updates |
| Distribution | Not recorded in the old report |
| Damage | Not recorded in the old report |
| Symptoms | Files renamed with a new extension and a ransom note left in folders |
| Evidence | 6 write-ups by security sites; no sample analysed yet |
| Encrypted files | .crypted |
| Attacker contacts | james.roach.10@gmail.com |
| Free decryptor | No free decryptor is known (checked 7 October 2026) |
| First seen | 28 October 2020 |
| Facts checked | 7 October 2026 |
- File extension:
.crypted - Note file:
Decrypt.txt - Contact:
james.roach.10@gmail.com
From our report of Oct 2020 · not reviewed since
More from our earlier report on Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus
- Perform a full system scan with powerful security software, such as
- Malware can seriously tamper with Windows systems, causing errors, crashes, lag, and other stability issues after it is terminated.
- AS YOU ALREADY UNDERSTOOD, I HAVE ALL THE LOGINS/PASSWORDS FOR ALL YOUR ACCOUNTS AND ENCRYPT SOME YOUR FILES.
- I GIVE YOU A CHOICE: 1.
- I DELETE YOU FROM MY DATABASE AND UNLCOK YOUR FILES.
- I SELL YOUR DATA AND EVERYTHING I FOUND ON THE BLACK MARKET.
- COMO USTED YA ENTIENDE, SUS INICIOS DE SESIÓN/CONTRASEÑAS PARA TODAS LAS CUENTAS CONMIGO, TAMBIÉN ENCRIPTÉ ALGUNOS DE SUS ARCHIVOS.
- LE OFRECGO UNA OPCIÓN: 1.
- ELIMINARÉ SUS DATOS DE MI BASE DE DATOS Y DESCODIFICARÉ SUS ARCHIVOS.
- VENDO TUS DATOS EN EL MERCADO NEGRO.
- SI ELIGE LA PRIMERA MANERA - ENVÍE 0.0026 BTC ($ 30) A WALLET 1CB6tjk6QgHtxDjjmgbAk5wJtCPUHbuF4M TE DOY 48 HORAS si no sabes cómo comprar bitcoin - pregunta a google o simplemente sigue el enlace hxxps://bitcoin.org/en/buy y comprar 0.0026 bitcoins a mi número de billetera.
- y luego envíeme su KEY1 a James.Roach.10@gmail.com
How Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus behaves
From our report of Oct 2020 · not reviewed since
Crypted ransomware is back with a new version where james.roach.10@gmail.com is given to contact the ransomware actors
Crypted is a ransomware-type cyber infection that was first spotted in the spring of 2016, appending .crypted file extension to various files on the targeted computer.
It is a common extension that many ransomware families might be using for their file encryption. Most of your files that will be affected by this ransomware will change their name to .crypted. For example, most of us have files like me.jpg, document.pdf, or calendar.xls, and no matter what the file type is, they will all change to me.jpg.crypted, document.pdf.crypted, and calendar.xls.crypted.
It is not a secret that several different malware families can use the same extension after the encryption is performed, and .crypted is no exception. While older versions of the virus can be decrypted with free tools, newer variants, such as James Roach ransomware, can not. If you wonder which version of this malware you have on your Windows computer, check for more details below.
In October 2020, a version of .crypted file virus has attracted the attention of cyber researchers where the so far unknown ransomware actors are asking to be contacted via email james.roach.10@gmail.com. Some sources call the new ransomware following the email address, so it has gained the James Roach ransomware name.
Malware authors ask for 0.0026 BTC (around $35 at the time of the writing) for data recovery, so the demand is relatively low. However, we suggest you remove Crypted ransomware instead and do not communicate with the attackers. Otherwise, you might lose the money as well.
There are several older versions of this virus. In November 2017, computer users reported about data being locked with .crypted_uridzu@aaathats3as_com extension. Malware researchers have assumed that criminals created a new, undecryptable version of the malware.
Crypted virus was also known as Nemucod ransomware . The file extension that it originally appends is also used by PyCL ransomware virus. When audio, video, music, images, documents, and other necessary files are encrypted, malware drops a ransom note. Depending on the ransom note, you might be able to define which of the ransomware has affected your pc.
Ransom-demanding of the old .crypted virus version instructions is delivered in two files - Decrypt.txt or Decrypt.hta. They state that that victim's files were encrypted and that one needs to buy a private decryption key , which can be used for data decryption. In case you see these files, follow the links to Nemucod and PyCL that were given above.
The ransom letter of the nowadays spreading James Roach ransomware will be shown in a pop-up window that will show up as desktop wallpaper and will display the text given below:
It is quite funny how ransomware actors try to sell their "product" in a "user-friendly way". The removal of .crypted virus is offered for ~30 USD in bitcoin and the ransom note is available in three languages:
- Russian
- English
- Spanish
Surely you must understand we are being sarcastic about calling this ransomware user-friendly and is always clear the ransom should not be paid. Even the amount is not big in this case, remember it is criminals who created it and you may never trust them.
The ransom note of crypted virus in Spanish will look the following:
Russian version of Crypted ransomware message sounds like this:
Just like any other ransomware, Crypted virus commands to make the payment in Bitcoins.
- First of all, you can never know if cyber criminals will actually provide the decryption key, or if they just want to steal your money;
- Second, think if you want to support cyber criminals in such way. The more ransoms they gather, the more motivation they get, therefore, it encourages them to continue their fraudulent activities;
- Finally, in this case, you can recover your files without paying the ransom!


The Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus ransom note
ПРИВЕТ. КАК ТЫ УЖЕ ПОНЯЛ, ТВОИ ЛОГИНЫ/ПАРОЛИ ОТ ВСЕХ УЧЕТНЫХ ЗАПИСЕЙ У МЕНЯ
ТАК ЖЕ Я ЗАШИФРОВАЛ НЕКОТОРЫЕ ТВОИ ФАЙЛЫ.
Я ПРЕДЛАГАЮ ТЕБЕ ВЫБОР:
1. Я УДАЛЯЮ ТВОИ ДАННЫЕ ИЗ МОЕЙ БАЗЫ И РАСШИФРОВЫВАЮ ФАЙЛЫ.
2. Я ПРОДАЮ ТВОИ ДАННЫЕ И ВСЁ ЧТО НАЙДУ, НА ЧЕРНОМ РЫНКЕ.
ЕСЛИ ТЫ ВЫБИРАЕШЬ ПЕРВЫЙ ПУТЬ - ОТПРАВЬ 0,0026 BTC (30 $) НА КОШЕЛЕК
[payment address omitted]
Я ДАЮ ТЕБЕ 48 ЧАСОВ
если ты не знаешь как купить биткойн - спроси гугл
или просто перейдите по ссылке hxxps://bitcoin.org/en/buy и купи 0,0026 биткойна на мой кошелек
после этого пришли мне свой KEY1 на почту James.Roach.10@gmail.com
How to remove Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus
Tools you'll need
All of these are free except where noted. Download them on a clean device if the infected PC is offline.
- A USB stick: to keep the ransom note, two or three encrypted files and screenshots off the infected PC.
- Microsoft Defender Offline: built into Windows 11 and Windows 10; scans before Windows starts, so running malware cannot hide.
- Microsoft Safety Scanner: a second, portable scanner with current signatures; each download works for 10 days.
- ID Ransomware: identifies the family from the note and one encrypted file and says whether a decryptor exists.
- No More Ransom: the free decryptors from police and security companies; check it again every few months.
- Fortect (optional): scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged. The free scan is in the box above.
How to remove Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus and get your files back
Work in this order.
Disconnecting comes first, removal comes before any restore, and nothing here asks you to contact the attackers.
Step 1: Disconnect the PC and unplug backup drives
Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus encrypts everything it can reach, including drives and shares you connect later. Cut the network first: cable out, or Wi-Fi off from the taskbar.
Then unplug every USB stick and backup disk and pause cloud sync, so the encrypted versions do not replace your online copies. Do not reconnect any of them until the ransomware is removed from the Windows 11 or Windows 10 PC.

Windows 11: turn off Wi-Fi to take the PC offline. Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files
Step 2: Save the ransom note and confirm the family
Copy
Decrypt.txtand one or two files ending in.cryptedto a USB stick, and leave the originals where they are.From another device, upload the note and a sample file to ID Ransomware or No More Ransom's Crypto Sheriff, which name the family from the note, the extension and the file structure.
Write down the contact address and your personal ID from the note, because a decryptor or the police may ask for them.
Warning: Never contact the attackers from the infected Windows 11 or Windows 10 PC.

Windows 11: the ransom note and encrypted files to copy for identification. Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files
Step 3: Check for a free decryptor
For Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus, no free decryptor is known (checked 7 October 2026). Search the family name in the No More Ransom decryption tools list and in the free decryptors of Emsisoft, Avast and Kaspersky, because new tools appear years after an attack.
Important: Keep the encrypted files even if nothing works today, and do not pay before every free option is ruled out: payment does not guarantee a working key.
Decryptors run on Windows 11 and Windows 10, but only after the ransomware itself is removed.
Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files
Step 4: Remove the ransomware before you restore or decrypt
Restoring or decrypting files while Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus still runs lets it encrypt them again. Run a Full scan in Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options, then the Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan).
If the ransomware blocks Windows Security, start Safe Mode with Networking and scan from there. Some families install a password stealer as well, so let both scans finish on Windows 11 or Windows 10.

Windows 11: Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options. Full procedure with screenshots: Run a Microsoft Defender Offline scan
Step 5: Look for shadow copies of the files
Open Command Prompt as administrator and run
vssadmin list shadows. If it lists copies dated before the attack, right-click a folder with encrypted files in File Explorer, choose Properties > Previous Versions, and open or restore a version from before that date.ShadowExplorer, a free tool, shows the same copies when the tab is empty or hidden. Most current families delete shadow copies, so an empty list is normal, but the check takes two minutes on Windows 11 or Windows 10.

Windows 11: vssadmin list shadows shows whether shadow copies exist. Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files
Step 6: Restore the files from a backup or recover deleted originals
Restore from an external backup, File History or OneDrive's version history, choosing a date before the attack. Connect the backup drive only after the scans are clean, or the ransomware encrypts it too.
If there is no backup, file recovery software can sometimes find the deleted originals, because some ransomware writes an encrypted copy and deletes the original file.
Stop writing to the drive and try recovery on Windows 11 or Windows 10 before new files overwrite the space.
Full procedure with screenshots: Recover deleted files (Recycle Bin, backups, OneDrive) On uGetFix
Instructions for each browser and system
The detailed steps for every browser and system this guide covers. Open the one you use.
Manual removal using Safe Mode
Important! →
Manual removal guide might be too complicated for regular computer users. It requires advanced IT knowledge to be performed correctly (if vital system files are removed or damaged, it might result in full Windows compromise), and it also might take hours to complete. Therefore, we highly advise using the automatic method provided above instead.
Step 1. Access Safe Mode with Networking
Manual malware removal should be best performed in the Safe Mode environment.
Windows 7 / Vista / XP
- Click Start > Shutdown > Restart > OK.
- When your computer becomes active, start pressing F8 button (if that does not work, try F2, F12, Del, etc. - it all depends on your motherboard model) multiple times until you see the Advanced Boot Options window.
- Select Safe Mode with Networking from the list.

Windows 10 / Windows 8
- Right-click on Start button and select Settings.

- Scroll down to pick Update & Security.

- On the left side of the window, pick Recovery.
- Now scroll down to find Advanced Startup section.
- Click Restart now.

- Select Troubleshoot.
- Go to Advanced options.

- Select Startup Settings.

- Press Restart.
- Now press 5 or click 5) Enable Safe Mode with Networking.

Step 2. Shut down suspicious processes
Windows Task Manager is a useful tool that shows all the processes running in the background. If malware is running a process, you need to shut it down:
- Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
- Click on More details.

- Scroll down to Background processes section, and look for anything suspicious.
- Right-click and select Open file location.

- Go back to the process, right-click and pick End Task.

- Delete the contents of the malicious folder.
Step 3. Check program Startup
- Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
- Go to Startup tab.
- Right-click on the suspicious program and pick Disable.

Step 4. Delete virus files
Malware-related files can be found in various places within your computer. Here are instructions that could help you find them:
- Type in Disk Cleanup in Windows search and press Enter.

- Select the drive you want to clean (C: is your main drive by default and is likely to be the one that has malicious files in).
- Scroll through the Files to delete list and select the following:
Temporary Internet Files
Downloads
Recycle Bin
Temporary files - Pick Clean up system files.

- You can also look for other malicious files hidden in the following folders (type these entries in Windows Search and press Enter):
%AppData%
%LocalAppData%
%ProgramData%
%WinDir%
After you are finished, reboot the PC in normal mode.
From our report of Oct 2020 · not reviewed since
.crypted files can be restored for free
The majority of ransomware viruses are undefeatable, and there is no way to restore files unless the authors of the malware reveal the decryption tool.
However, in case of .Crypted ransomware attacks, malware researchers have good news. There's a free decryption tool that can remove .crypted extension. You can find full data recovery instructions in the guide presented below virus' removal instructions. Keep in mind that the tool only works for older versions of the virus.
It is not recommended to play with this ransomware and attempt to remove it manually unless you know what you're doing. If you lack knowledge about computer viruses, please do not try to uninstall this virus manually.
IMPORTANT NOTE. Please remember that .crypted file extension virus differs from .encrypted file extension virus. The latter extension is used by many different ransomware viruses such as CryptoLocker, Keranger and Crypren.

From our report of Oct 2020 · not reviewed since
Ransomware mostly spreads via malicious spam emails
Crypted malware usually spreads via infectious emails: the cyber criminals send fake emails that contain attachments.
It is vital to check if you know the sender of email before you open it or its attachments. Usually, frauds pretend to be delivering relevant documents, for example, invoices, price charts, bills, resumes, and so on.
Be careful when dealing with such emails. In addition, stay away from Spam/Junk folders as many fraudulent emails do not pass these email security filters and fall into these categories.
You should be attentive when browsing the Internet as cyber criminals tend to spread malicious files and programs by concealing malicious links on some websites. Try to avoid visiting suspicious websites, and refrain from clicking on intrusive pop-up ads or banners.
Also, avoid downloading files from insecure file-sharing networks. You might install a Trojan horse on your computer without even knowing it; reportedly, a trojan named JS.Nemucod spreads this ransomware, as well as other well-known viruses, such as Locky, Teslacrypt, KeRanger, and others.
Nemucod Trojan mostly proliferates via email in a form of malicious JavaScript file. Of course, this JS file is crafted to look safe, so inattentive users can open it without realizing how dangerous it actually is. For this reason, some security researchers identify Crypted as Nemucod ransomware.
From our report of Oct 2020 · not reviewed since
Crypted ransomware removal and data recovery
Crypted removal is a hard process.
The ransomware is a complicated and well-constructed virus, which hides its components deeply in the computer system. Moreover, components of such viruses use safe-sounding names, which makes it harder to identify them.
In case you wish to remove Crypted virus but your anti-malware software won't start, follow these instructions that will help you to prepare your computer for malware removal.
[GI=method-1]First things first, remove the virus using instructions on how to reboot your PC into Safe Mode with Networking. Once you reboot the computer into the right mode, let an automatic malware removal software do its job.
This data recovery software is known to be effective when dealing with corrupted or deleted files.
Use .crypted decryption software to set your files free
You can use any file you want, and the easiest way is to use sample photos that are stored in My Pictures folder.
Once you have the two files, select both of them and drag them to the icon of the decryptor you have just downloaded and release. The decrypter then brute-forces the key, which is required for data decryption.
Report it and recover your files
Report it
Report the attack even if you do not expect the files back: insurers and banks ask for the report number, and police use the contacts in the note to link cases.
- United States
- FBI IC3 · FTC ReportFraud
- United Kingdom
- Report Fraud (formerly Action Fraud) · NCSC
- Australia
- ReportCyber (ASD)
- EU countries
- Europol: national reporting sites
Give the victim ID, the note and the date the files were encrypted. A business that holds personal data may also have to notify its data protection authority, in the EU within 72 hours.
Make the next attack harmless
Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus could only hurt the files that had no second copy, and the signs (files that end in .crypted and no longer open) showed exactly which ones those were. The 3-2-1 rule fixes that:
- three copies
- two media
- one disconnected
A practical version for a home PC: OneDrive or another cloud backup with version history, plus an external disk that you plug in once a week for File History and then unplug. Test a restore now and then by opening a few files from the backup on another device.
Details, schedules and what not to back up are in our 3-2-1 backup guide for Windows.
Stream videos without limitations, no matter where you are
There are multiple parties that could find out almost anything about you by checking your online activity.
While this is highly unlikely, advertisers and tech companies are constantly tracking you online. The first step to privacy should be a secure browser that focuses on tracker reduction to a minimum.
Even if you employ a secure browser, you will not be able to access websites that are restricted due to local government laws or other reasons. In other words, you may not be able to stream Disney+ or US-based Netflix in some countries. To bypass these restrictions, you can employ a powerful VPN, which provides dedicated servers for torrenting and streaming, not slowing you down in the process.
Data backups are important - recover your lost files
Ransomware is one of the biggest threats to personal data.
Once it is executed on a machine, it launches a sophisticated encryption algorithm that locks all your files, although it does not destroy them. The most common misconception is that anti-malware software can return files to their previous states. This is not true, however, and data remains locked after the malicious payload is deleted.
While regular data backups are the only secure method to recover your files after a ransomware attack, tools such as can also be effective and restore at least some of your lost data.
Questions about Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus
How do I open .crypted files?
You cannot open them by renaming or with another program, because the content of files ending in .crypted has been encrypted. The only ways back are a working decryptor for the family, or clean copies from elsewhere:
- OneDrive versions
- File History
- an offline backup drive
- Previous Versions if the ransomware did not delete them
Identify the family first by uploading the ransom note and one encrypted file to ID Ransomware or No More Ransom. Avoid websites and programs that promise to open any encrypted file; they do not work and some are scams.
Should I pay the ransom in Decrypt.txt?
Not before you have tried everything else. Identify the family from Decrypt.txt and one encrypted file, check No More Ransom for a free decryptor, and look for clean copies in OneDrive, backups and Previous Versions.
Paying funds further attacks, may be illegal if the group is sanctioned, and is no promise of a working key: many victims get partial or broken decryption. If you consider paying for business-critical data, involve the police and a professional incident responder first, and never pay through intermediaries who promise their own decryption.
Can a data-recovery company decrypt my files for a fee?
Only if a decryptor already exists or the company pays the attackers for you. Some "ransomware recovery" services advertise that they can decrypt families with no known flaw; in practice they negotiate with the attackers and add their own fee. Others use the same free tools listed on No More Ransom.
Before you hire anyone, ask in writing how they will recover the files, whether they will contact the attackers and what happens if they fail. A legitimate service answers clearly. If a free decryptor exists for your family, you can run it yourself.
Is there a free Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus decryptor?
We last checked on 7 October 2026, and for Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus no free decryptor is known. We check No More Ransom, which collects free tools from police and security companies, and the decryptor pages of the major antivirus vendors. A working decryptor exists only when the encryption has a flaw or the keys were leaked or seized.
Ignore sites and videos that offer a "Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus decryptor" for download or for a fee: these are usually scams or malware. Real decryptors are free and come from known security companies or law enforcement. Keep the encrypted files in case a tool appears later.
How did Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus get on my computer?
The way Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus spreads has not been documented yet, so look at your own recent activity. On home PCs, ransomware most often comes with cracked programs, game cheats, key generators and fake updates, or with an e-mail attachment that was opened.
On business networks, attackers usually log in through Remote Desktop with a stolen or guessed password. Think back to what was downloaded or installed in the days before files that end in .crypted and no longer open, and check the Downloads folder and Installed apps sorted by date. Keep anything suspicious for your report, but do not run it again.
Did Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus steal my files or passwords?
We do not know yet. Nothing published so far shows data theft by Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus, but the only confirmed sign is files that end in .crypted and no longer open, which says nothing about what happened before.
Many current ransomware attacks copy files or run a password stealer first, so it is wise to act as if they did.
From a clean device, change the passwords that were saved in the browsers on this PC, starting with e-mail and banking, sign out of all sessions and turn on two-step verification. Watch bank statements and account activity for the next few weeks.
Is Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus the same as other ransomware with a similar name?
Not necessarily. Ransomware names come from the file extension, the note or a word in the code, so unrelated families often end up with similar names, and one family can appear under several names. The difference matters: a decryptor or advice for one family does not fit another and can damage files.
Compare the ending added to your files and the exact name of the note with the summary table at the top of this guide, then upload the note and one encrypted file to ID Ransomware from a clean device. If the result names another family, follow the guide for that family instead.
Can I delete Decrypt.txt?
Yes, the note itself is harmless text and deleting it does not affect your files. Keep at least one copy first, outside the infected PC. Decrypt.txt contains your personal ID and the attackers' contact details, which identification services use to tell which family encrypted your files, and which a decryptor may need later.
Police reports also ask for it. Once you have saved a copy, you can remove the notes from every folder after the ransomware program has been removed and your files are restored or backed up.
Should I reinstall Windows after the .crypted attack?
Reinstalling removes the ransomware but not the encryption: your files ending in .crypted stay encrypted afterwards. So first copy the encrypted files and the ransom note to a separate drive, in case a decryptor appears later. Then decide:
- a clean-up with an offline scan is often enough for home PCs
- while a full reset is safer if remote access was involved
- scans keep finding new items
Restore your backups only after the PC is clean, and change passwords from another device.
Will Fortect remove Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus?
Fortect scans Windows for malware and unwanted programs and repairs the system files and settings they change, and its free scan shows what it finds on your PC before you decide anything.
For Crypted ransomware, Crypted files virus, follow the plan above as well: the browser steps take back permissions and settings that no scanner treats as a threat, and uninstalling the program that brought it removes the source.
Run Microsoft Defender's full scan and, if anything was found, its offline scan as a second opinion. If the symptoms are gone after the plan and both scans are clean, there is nothing more to do.
Sources
- ZDNet: Ransomware: This free tool lets you decrypt files locked by a common version of the malware (read October 7, 2026)
- Comodo: Public Key and Private Keys (read October 7, 2026)
- The Guardian: Digital gold: why hackers love Bitcoin (read October 7, 2026)
- Emsisfot Blog: Decrypt latest Nemucod ransomware with Emsisoft's free decrypter (read October 7, 2026)
- CISA: StopRansomware (read October 7, 2026)