Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS: code execution flaw under attack

What is affected

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS is mostly run by companies, schools and public bodies, not on home computers. You are unlikely to have it yourself, but organisations that hold your data may. Breaches that start with flaws like this one are how personal data ends up leaked.

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation through the web-based management interface for several PAN products, including firewalls and VPN concentrators.

What an attacker can do

This is a code execution flaw. It lets an attacker run their own commands or programs on the affected system. In practice that usually means taking it over: installing malware, stealing data or using it to reach other devices on the same network.

How it is reached

Over the internet or network

Access the attacker needs

An administrator account

Does the victim have to do something?

No, works without the victim doing anything

CISA records this vulnerability as known to be used in ransomware campaigns: attackers use it to get in, then encrypt files and demand payment.

What to do

1. At home: nothing to install. Keep your own devices updated and use a different password for every service, so that a breach at one organisation does not open your other accounts.
2. If you administer Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS at work: apply the vendor's fix or mitigation now and review logs for signs of compromise, because the flaw was being exploited before it was listed.
3. If the product is past its support date and no fix exists, take it off the internet or retire it.

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Additionally, the management interfaces for affected devices should not be exposed to untrusted networks, including the internet.

Vendor advisories and fixes

• security.paloaltonetworks.comsecurity.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2024-9474

How urgent is it

CISA added this vulnerability to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on November 18, 2024, which means there is reliable evidence of attacks in the wild. US federal agencies must fix it by December 9, 2024, a deadline that has already passed. That deadline does not bind anyone else, but it shows how seriously the agency rates it.

The EPSS model estimates a 95% probability that this flaw will be exploited somewhere in the next 30 days. That is higher than 99.9% of all scored vulnerabilities.

Its CVSS severity score is 6.9 out of 10 (medium), as recorded in the US National Vulnerability Database.

Technical description

A privilege escalation vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software allows a PAN-OS administrator with access to the management web interface to perform actions on the firewall with root privileges. Cloud NGFW and Prisma Access are not impacted by this vulnerability.