Z9 ransomware: what it is and how to remove it

Z9 ransomware is the threat focused on blackmailing people by claiming that this is the only option to get files recovered. This is a cyber infection that occurs on the machine out of nowhere and delivers ransom demanding messages via program window and text file placed on the desktop.

Facts checked October 7, 2026. Removal steps tested on Windows 11 (26H2) and checked against Microsoft's and the browser makers' current documentation. Sections marked as our earlier report are the original text: they describe the threat as it was then and have not been reviewed since. The 2026 status, the removal steps and the questions are current.

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Screenshot of Z9 ransomware: screenshot
Z9 ransomware as our 2020 report showed it.

Z9 ransomware: summary

DistributionThis family of malware is delivered using system flaws and security vulnerabilities or malicious macros planted on legitimate-looking emails and their MS file attachments. Payload dropper can install ransomware directly on the machine or load another virus that infects the machine further with crypto-malware
DamageThe threat involves blackmailing, so you can lose your money and data if you decide to pay, but the decryption key is not sent to you. Also, contacting these criminals can lead to more severe issues regarding privacy and security or corruption of the device
NameZ9 ransomware
FamilyDharma virus
File marker.id-(victims' ID numbers).[help.me24@protonmail.com].Z9 is the full pattern of the marker used to add on encoded data
Ransom noteInfo.hta; the text of the note is not in our records
Removal

Scan the PC with security software to find and remove the malware and anything installed with it. Fortect scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged.

Remove it nowTo use the full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Fortect. The scan is free.
Show 12 more facts
Encryption methodRSA 1024
Contactshelp.me24@protonmail.com, it24support@cock.li
Detection namesNo Microsoft detection name is known
Encrypted file extensionNot recorded in our earlier report
DecryptorNo free decryptor is known for this variant; check No More Ransom (nomoreransom.org) for updates
TypeFile-encrypting ransomware
SymptomsA ransom note left in folders
Evidence4 write-ups by security sites; details still limited
Attacker contactshelp.me24@protonmail.com
Free decryptorNo free decryptor is known (checked 7 October 2026)
First seen21 January 2020
Facts checked7 October 2026
  • Note file: Info.hta
  • Contact: help.me24@protonmail.com

From our report of Jan 2020 · not reviewed since

More from our earlier report on Z9 ransomware

  • FILES ENCRYPTED.txt is the text file that contains contact information of criminals and the pop-up program window named with one of the contact emails, or Info.hta delivers payment instructions needed when you decide to buy the decryption key
  • When the Z9 ransomware removal is in question, the most important thing is the selection of anti-malware tools.
  • You need a good AV detection engine that could clean the traces of this threat
  • Besides cleaning files associated with the virus, you should clean the direct virus damage that can occur in various parts of the system too.

How Z9 ransomware behaves

From our report of Jan 2020 · not reviewed since

Z9 ransomware is the cryptovirus that uses RSA1024 algorithm for the file locking function and demands victims to pay up

Z9 ransomware is the threat focused on blackmailing people by claiming that this is the only option to get files recovered.

This is a cyber infection that occurs on the machine out of nowhere and delivers ransom demanding messages via program window and text file placed on the desktop. Important files like documents, photos, videos or archives, and databases get encrypted with the help of an army grade algorithm, so the original code of the data gets changed, and the user cannot access the information anymore.

This threat belongs to a family named Dharma ransomware that is known for powerful coding and non-decryptable functionality. The alleged solution for such files is not recommended by researchers or experts because cybercriminals are the ones that make and spread this vicious ransomware.

The name of the Z9 ransomware virus this program gets from the file marker that appears on encoded files after the original file format indicating extension. The file extension is needed to identify files affected by the malware from other safe ones.

Other features that can identify the particular infection include contact emails help.me24@protonmail.com, it24support@cock.li that come int he ransom note text file FILES ENCRYPTED.txt. The name of this file and the pop-up window with payment instructions are not changed for years, so the family is easily distinguished from other cryptocurrency-extortion based threats.

Z9 ransomware is not a simple malware because file encryption is only the first phase of the infection. The file-locking is more important because without having anything in their possession, criminals cannot demand payments and blackmail their victims.

The scary Z9 ransomware virus message about encoded data and the infected system appears pretty soon after the process, and people need to decide what to do because the pop-up claim that the unique key needed for the decryption is going to be stored on their server for seven days only.

However, there is no malware researcher that recommends paying for these people behind the malicious Z9 ransomware, especially when the threat belongs to this family that is known for targeting users worldwide. Even big companies decide not to pay up when ransomware hits their networks or systems.

Unfortunately, as we mentioned Z9 ransomware can access much more than your photos, documents, or videos that get encrypted. Virus developers encourage to pay for the decryption key that can possibly recover commonly used data, and then goes through other parts of the system. Z9 ransomware is not encrypting system files, data stored in more essential places can get directly affected by the virus since it can:

Such behavior significantly affects the initial Z9 ransomware removal process, because the threat becomes exceptionally persistent and not easily terminated when various files control the malicious processes. Many modules running in the background cause operations that keep blocking AV tools and recovery features. This is why anti-malware tools are recommended for this process of virus elimination by many researchers.

Z9 ransomware is not settling for less, and developers are not waiting for each victim, so unique keys for victims are stored for a certain time.

When that reaches the end, other victims get affected, and those keys replaced by new IDs of potential payers. This fact can possibly mean that the decryption tool for this threat may not even be released in the future since the database is continuously renewed.

Based on this fact, you shouldn't even consider the ransom paying as an option to save your files. You better remove Z9 ransomware using a powerful anti-malware program and then rely on the data backups stored on the external device or third-party programs that can restore affected files for you.

There are more valuable things that ransomware can access, and it means that Z9 ransomware may collect, steal, or track information about you. Things saved on the particular files, password manager information, other credentials can be used in later scam campaigns or similar attacks, so the ransomware attack is not the last one that you experience.

  • manipulate system files and modify registry keys or remove them;
  • delete backups and configuration files;
  • change settings, so the virus is launched with every reboot;
  • disable functions or programs;
  • install additional applications, system files.
Screenshot of Z9 ransomware: screenshot
Z9 ransomware in our 2020 report.
Screenshot of Z9 ransomware: cryptovirus
Z9 ransomware in our 2020 report.

From our report of Jan 2020 · not reviewed since

Web methods employed for ransomware spreading

Hackers behind such threats deliver malicious codes during worldwide attack campaigns involving advanced modules and often other malware.

Criminals can directly use vulnerability exploits and penetrate the system directly with brute force attacks.

Phishing methods also are commonly used by such developers because most of the campaigns involve social engineering and aim to manipulate people into believing that they surf on a safe site. The email gest sent out looking like a legitimate notification from the company or service that contains an attachment or a link to the hacker-created site.

Email attachments get made using malicious code and other types of files that can either install the application directly on the system or launch malicious macros from the document or PDF file attached as a receipt or order confirmation. Do not trust any random senders and always think twice before extracting any data from the internet.

From our report of Jan 2020 · not reviewed since

Choose the best approach of Dharma - Z9 ransomware termination

Z9 ransomware virus is the threat that can modify and manipulate many functions of your device, so the thing that you need to remember is the possibility of disabling the threat itself. You should reboot the machine in a Safe Mode with Networking, so the program that you rely on can run freely and detect the intruder.

As for the selection of anti-malware tools needed for Z9 ransomware removal, you need to get the reliable AV engine that updates the database more frequently, so this version is included already. You may need to try a few until you found the best one. We can offer these security tools: and .

Nevertheless, do not forget to check for possible damage when you remove Z9 ransomware from the machine. Getting a system optimization tool or a cleaner like can provide the best PC repair process that your system files and settings need. Then data recovery is possible to achieve no matter which method you choose.

[GI=method-1]Make the system virus-free again by eliminating Z9 ransomware with the help of Safe Mode reboot

[GI=method-2]Terminate Z9 ransomware virus with System Restore feature

Windows Previous Versions feature provides the alternate method for data backups when you need that

If you already enabled System Restore, you can rely on Windows Previous Versions feature

ShadowExplorer for the Z9 ransomware file recovery

It is possible to use ShadowExplorer when Shadow Volume Copies are left untouched by the threat

Decryption tool for Z9 ransomware is not released yet

The Z9 ransomware note

The note is called Info.hta.

We did not record the full text of the ransom note in our report.

How to remove Z9 ransomware

Tools you'll need

All of these are free except where noted. Download them on a clean device if the infected PC is offline.

  • A USB stick: to keep the ransom note, two or three encrypted files and screenshots off the infected PC.
  • Microsoft Defender Offline: built into Windows 11 and Windows 10; scans before Windows starts, so running malware cannot hide.
  • Microsoft Safety Scanner: a second, portable scanner with current signatures; each download works for 10 days.
  • ID Ransomware: identifies the family from the note and one encrypted file and says whether a decryptor exists.
  • No More Ransom: the free decryptors from police and security companies; check it again every few months.
  • Fortect (optional): scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged. The free scan is in the box above.

How to remove Z9 ransomware and get your files back

Work in this order.

Disconnecting comes first, removal comes before any restore, and nothing here asks you to contact the attackers.

  1. Step 1: Disconnect the PC and unplug backup drives

    Z9 ransomware encrypts everything it can reach, including drives and shares you connect later. Cut the network first: cable out, or Wi-Fi off from the taskbar.

    Then unplug every USB stick and backup disk and pause cloud sync, so the encrypted versions do not replace your online copies. Do not reconnect any of them until the ransomware is removed from the Windows 11 or Windows 10 PC.

    Windows 11 quick settings with Wi-Fi turned off
    Windows 11: turn off Wi-Fi to take the PC offline.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  2. Step 2: Save the ransom note and identify the family

    Find the ransom note, usually a .txt, .html or .hta file in every folder or on the desktop, and copy it with one or two encrypted files to a USB stick.

    From another device, upload them to ID Ransomware or No More Ransom's Crypto Sheriff, which name the family from the note and the file extension. Write down the contact address and your personal ID from the note for the report.

    Warning: Never contact the attackers from the infected Windows 11 or Windows 10 PC.

    A ransom note text file next to encrypted files in File Explorer
    Windows 11: the ransom note and encrypted files to copy for identification.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  3. Step 3: Check for a free decryptor

    For Z9 ransomware, no free decryptor is known (checked 7 October 2026). Search the family name in the No More Ransom decryption tools list and in the free decryptors of Emsisoft, Avast and Kaspersky, because new tools appear years after an attack.

    Important: Keep the encrypted files even if nothing works today, and do not pay before every free option is ruled out: payment does not guarantee a working key.

    Decryptors run on Windows 11 and Windows 10, but only after the ransomware itself is removed.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  4. Step 4: Remove the ransomware before you restore or decrypt

    Restoring or decrypting files while Z9 ransomware still runs lets it encrypt them again. Run a Full scan in Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options, then the Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan).

    If the ransomware blocks Windows Security, start Safe Mode with Networking and scan from there. Some families install a password stealer as well, so let both scans finish on Windows 11 or Windows 10.

    Windows Security Scan options with Microsoft Defender Antivirus offline scan selected
    Windows 11: Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Run a Microsoft Defender Offline scan

  5. Step 5: Look for shadow copies of the files

    Open Command Prompt as administrator and run vssadmin list shadows. If it lists copies dated before the attack, right-click a folder with encrypted files in File Explorer, choose Properties > Previous Versions, and open or restore a version from before that date.

    ShadowExplorer, a free tool, shows the same copies when the tab is empty or hidden. Most current families delete shadow copies, so an empty list is normal, but the check takes two minutes on Windows 11 or Windows 10.

    Command Prompt running vssadmin list shadows
    Windows 11: vssadmin list shadows shows whether shadow copies exist.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  6. Step 6: Restore the files from a backup or recover deleted originals

    Restore from an external backup, File History or OneDrive's version history, choosing a date before the attack. Connect the backup drive only after the scans are clean, or the ransomware encrypts it too.

    If there is no backup, file recovery software can sometimes find the deleted originals, because some ransomware writes an encrypted copy and deletes the original file.

    Stop writing to the drive and try recovery on Windows 11 or Windows 10 before new files overwrite the space.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Recover deleted files (Recycle Bin, backups, OneDrive) On uGetFix

Instructions for each browser and system

The detailed steps for every browser and system this guide covers. Open the one you use.

Manual removal using Safe Mode

Important! →
Manual removal guide might be too complicated for regular computer users. It requires advanced IT knowledge to be performed correctly (if vital system files are removed or damaged, it might result in full Windows compromise), and it also might take hours to complete. Therefore, we highly advise using the automatic method provided above instead.

Step 1. Access Safe Mode with Networking

Manual malware removal should be best performed in the Safe Mode environment.

Windows 7 / Vista / XP

  1. Click Start > Shutdown > Restart > OK.
  2. When your computer becomes active, start pressing F8 button (if that does not work, try F2, F12, Del, etc. - it all depends on your motherboard model) multiple times until you see the Advanced Boot Options window.
  3. Select Safe Mode with Networking from the list.Windows 7/XP

Windows 10 / Windows 8

  1. Right-click on Start button and select Settings.
    Settings
  2. Scroll down to pick Update & Security.
    Update and security
  3. On the left side of the window, pick Recovery.
  4. Now scroll down to find Advanced Startup section.
  5. Click Restart now.
    Reboot
  6. Select Troubleshoot.Choose an option
  7. Go to Advanced options.Advanced options
  8. Select Startup Settings.Startup settings
  9. Press Restart.
  10. Now press 5 or click 5) Enable Safe Mode with Networking.Enable safe mode

Step 2. Shut down suspicious processes

Windows Task Manager is a useful tool that shows all the processes running in the background. If malware is running a process, you need to shut it down:

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
  2. Click on More details.
    Open task manager
  3. Scroll down to Background processes section, and look for anything suspicious.
  4. Right-click and select Open file location.
    Open file location
  5. Go back to the process, right-click and pick End Task.
    End task
  6. Delete the contents of the malicious folder.

Step 3. Check program Startup

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
  2. Go to Startup tab.
  3. Right-click on the suspicious program and pick Disable.
    Startup

Step 4. Delete virus files

Malware-related files can be found in various places within your computer. Here are instructions that could help you find them:

  1. Type in Disk Cleanup in Windows search and press Enter.
    Disk cleanup
  2. Select the drive you want to clean (C: is your main drive by default and is likely to be the one that has malicious files in).
  3. Scroll through the Files to delete list and select the following: Temporary Internet Files
    Downloads
    Recycle Bin
    Temporary files
  4. Pick Clean up system files.
    Delete temp files
  5. You can also look for other malicious files hidden in the following folders (type these entries in Windows Search and press Enter): %AppData%
    %LocalAppData%
    %ProgramData%
    %WinDir%

After you are finished, reboot the PC in normal mode.

Report it and recover your files

Report it

Report the attack even if you do not expect the files back: insurers and banks ask for the report number, and police use the contacts in the note to link cases.

United States
FBI IC3 · FTC ReportFraud

Give the victim ID, the note and the date the files were encrypted. A business that holds personal data may also have to notify its data protection authority, in the EU within 72 hours.

Make the next attack harmless

Z9 ransomware could only hurt the files that had no second copy, and the signs (ransom notes called Info.hta in every folder) showed exactly which ones those were.

The 3-2-1 rule fixes that:

  • three copies
  • two media
  • one disconnected

A practical version for a home PC: OneDrive or another cloud backup with version history, plus an external disk that you plug in once a week for File History and then unplug. Test a restore now and then by opening a few files from the backup on another device.

Details, schedules and what not to back up are in our 3-2-1 backup guide for Windows.

Protect your privacy - employ a VPN

There are several ways how to make your online time more private - you can access an incognito tab.

However, there is no secret that even in this mode, you are tracked for advertising purposes. There is a way to add an extra layer of protection and create a completely anonymous web browsing practice with the help of VPN. This software reroutes traffic through different servers, thus leaving your IP address and geolocation in disguise.

Besides, it is based on a strict no-log policy, meaning that no data will be recorded, leaked, and available for both first and third parties. The combination of a secure web browser and VPN will let you browse the Internet without a feeling of being spied or targeted by criminals.

No backups? No problem. Use a data recovery tool

If you wonder how data loss can occur, you should not look any further for answers - human errors, malware attacks, hardware failures, power cuts, natural disasters, or even simple negligence.

In some cases, lost files are extremely important, and many straight out panic when such an unfortunate course of events happen. Due to this, you should always ensure that you prepare proper data backups on a regular basis.

If you were caught by surprise and did not have any backups to restore your files from, not everything is lost. is one of the leading file recovery solutions you can find on the market - it is likely to restore even lost emails or data located on an external device.

Questions about Z9 ransomware

When will a decryptor for Z9 ransomware be released?

Nobody can promise a date. When we last checked, on 7 October 2026, no free decryptor is known. Decryptors usually appear after one of three events:

  • police seize the attackers' servers and keys
  • the authors leak or publish the master keys
  • researchers find a mistake in how the ransomware generates keys

Some families got a tool within weeks, others never. Keep the encrypted files and the note on an external drive, check No More Ransom every few months, and follow news about the Z9 ransomware family. A decryptor may need an original file, so keep any unencrypted copies too.

Can a data-recovery company decrypt my files for a fee?

Only if a decryptor already exists or the company pays the attackers for you. Some "ransomware recovery" services advertise that they can decrypt families with no known flaw; in practice they negotiate with the attackers and add their own fee. Others use the same free tools listed on No More Ransom.

Before you hire anyone, ask in writing how they will recover the files, whether they will contact the attackers and what happens if they fail. A legitimate service answers clearly. If a free decryptor exists for your family, you can run it yourself.

Did Z9 ransomware steal my files or passwords?

We do not know yet. Nothing published so far shows data theft by Z9 ransomware, but the only confirmed sign is ransom notes called Info.hta in every folder, which says nothing about what happened before. Many current ransomware attacks copy files or run a password stealer first, so it is wise to act as if they did.

From a clean device, change the passwords that were saved in the browsers on this PC, starting with e-mail and banking, sign out of all sessions and turn on two-step verification. Watch bank statements and account activity for the next few weeks.

Should I pay the ransom?

We advise against it, and so do the FBI, Europol and national cyber agencies. Payment does not guarantee a working tool: some attackers never reply, some tools damage files, and some variants have no decryptor at all. Paying also funds further attacks and can make you a target again.

Before considering payment, try every recovery option in this guide and report the attack. Companies must involve their legal adviser and insurer, because payments to sanctioned groups can be illegal. If files are truly irreplaceable, store the encrypted copies and wait; decryptors sometimes appear later.

How did Z9 ransomware get on my computer?

The way Z9 ransomware spreads has not been documented yet, so look at your own recent activity. On home PCs, ransomware most often comes with cracked programs, game cheats, key generators and fake updates, or with an e-mail attachment that was opened.

On business networks, attackers usually log in through Remote Desktop with a stolen or guessed password. Think back to what was downloaded or installed in the days before ransom notes called Info.hta in every folder, and check the Downloads folder and Installed apps sorted by date. Keep anything suspicious for your report, but do not run it again.

Is Z9 ransomware the same as other ransomware with a similar name?

Not necessarily. Ransomware names come from the file extension, the note or a word in the code, so unrelated families often end up with similar names, and one family can appear under several names. The difference matters: a decryptor or advice for one family does not fit another and can damage files.

Compare the ending added to your files and the exact name of the note with the summary table at the top of this guide, then upload the note and one encrypted file to ID Ransomware from a clean device. If the result names another family, follow the guide for that family instead.

Can I delete Info.hta?

Yes, the note itself is harmless text and deleting it does not affect your files. Keep at least one copy first, outside the infected PC. Info.hta contains your personal ID and the attackers' contact details, which identification services use to tell which family encrypted your files, and which a decryptor may need later.

Police reports also ask for it. Once you have saved a copy, you can remove the notes from every folder after the ransomware program has been removed and your files are restored or backed up.

Is Info.hta from real ransomware or a bluff?

Look at your files rather than the note. If documents and photos have a new extension and will not open, the encryption is real. If files open normally, or only a few were renamed, the note may come from fake ransomware or extortion-only malware that claims more than it did.

Some wipers also leave notes like Info.hta while destroying data with no way back. Identification services help here too: they recognise the note and tell you whether the family is known to encrypt, to bluff, or to wipe.

How do I open my .docx, .jpg and other files locked by Z9?

You cannot open locked files normally while they stay encrypted, and renaming them will not help. Our earlier report did not record the extension that Z9 adds, so check one locked file name and the ransom note for it.

No free decryptor is known for this variant; check No More Ransom (nomoreransom.org) for updates. Do not rename the files, change the extension or edit them, because that can make recovery harder. Copy the locked files to an external drive before you clean the system, so a decryptor released later still has them.

Will Fortect remove Z9 ransomware?

Fortect scans Windows for malware and unwanted programs and repairs the system files and settings they change, and its free scan shows what it finds on your PC before you decide anything.

For Z9 ransomware, follow the plan above as well: the browser steps take back permissions and settings that no scanner treats as a threat, and uninstalling the program that brought it removes the source.

Run Microsoft Defender's full scan and, if anything was found, its offline scan as a second opinion. If the symptoms are gone after the plan and both scans are clean, there is nothing more to do.

Sources

  1. VirusTotal: Z9 detection rate (read October 7, 2026)
  2. CISA: StopRansomware (read October 7, 2026)
  3. No More Ransom (read October 7, 2026)
  4. FTC: How to recognize, remove and avoid malware (read October 7, 2026)
  5. Microsoft Learn: Microsoft Defender Offline (read October 7, 2026)

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