Makop ransomware: what it is and how to remove it

Makop is a file-locking ransomware that encrypts data and demands Bitcoin payment for recovery. No decryptor exists; focus on malware removal and file restoration from backups instead of paying attackers.

Facts checked October 5, 2026. Removal steps tested on Windows 11 (26H2) and checked against Microsoft's and the browser makers' current documentation. Sections marked as our earlier report are the original text: they describe the threat as it was then and have not been reviewed since. The 2026 status, the removal steps and the questions are current.

Automatic

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Fortect finds malware, unwanted programs and the Windows damage they leave behind, and repairs it in one pass.

A free scan checks for the encryptor still on the PC; it does not decrypt .makop files.

Remove it nowTo use the full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Fortect. The scan is free.

Do it yourself · free Remove Makop ransomware yourself 6 steps, about 18 minutes, no software needed.

Start the steps
Screenshot of Makop ransomware: screenshot
Makop ransomware as our 2020 report showed it.

Makop ransomware: summary

DistributionFiles attached to emails can get injected with malicious code and spread direct ransomware payload on the system that receives the email and enables particular malicious macros[2] embedded on the document or other types of data. Such a technique can also get used for malware distribution that is designed to spread ransomware as a secondary payload
NameMakop ransomware
TypeCryptovirus[1]
File marker.makop is the appendix indicating the encrypted files, but it is the part of a full pattern involving contact email and victims' particular ID
FamilyOled virus came out in 2017, but recent activities show that developers of this cryptovirus started releasing improved versions like this encryption-based threat. Many features link these two threats together
Ransom notereadme-warning.txt is the ransom message containing the file, that provides details needed for further actions and encourages victims to pay for the supposed decryption tool that criminals claim to have. This note also has a suggestion for test decryption that should prove that decoding software is real and working
Removal

Scan the PC with security software to find and remove the malware and anything installed with it. Fortect scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged.

Remove it nowTo use the full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Fortect. The scan is free.
Show 12 more facts
Contact emailsmakop@airmail.cc, buydecryptor@cock.li, modeturbo@aol.com, honestandhope@qq.com
Detection namesNo Microsoft detection name is known
Encrypted file extension.makop
DecryptorNo free decryptor is known for this variant; check No More Ransom (nomoreransom.org) for updates
DamageNot recorded in the old report
SymptomsFiles renamed with a new extension and a ransom note left in folders
Evidence4 write-ups by security sites; no sample analysed yet
Encrypted files.makop
Attacker contactsmakop@airmail.cc
Free decryptorNo free decryptor is known (checked 5 October 2026)
First seen12 May 2020
Facts checked5 October 2026

What readers reported about Makop ransomware

I have a friend infected with the Makop ransomware. I have a friend infected with the Makop ransomware. Is you product able to fix it?

A reader, 2021

My files were encrypted with Makop ransomware, please help!. Sir my personal laptop was infected by makop ransomware and my all data were encrypted. The virus attack in my system on and no any mail and other contact information received till now. The all file name change. So please help me.

A reader, 2020

From the comments under our earlier guide; names and contact details removed.

  • File extension: .makop
  • Note file: readme-warning.txt
  • Contact: makop@airmail.cc

From our report of May 2020 · not reviewed since

More from our earlier report on Makop ransomware

  • To remove the virus completely from the system, you should get a proper antivirus program and run that on the machine, so all parts of the infection get detected and deleted
  • There is a huge issue with system files and functions because ransomware is a threat that can easily access such parts and damage them.

How Makop ransomware behaves

From our report of May 2020 · outdated details corrected in October 2026

Makop ransomware is the virus that relies on file encoding to have a reason for direct blackmail

Makop ransomware – a virus that can be categorized as file-locking malware of a cryptovirus because it is based on cryptocurrency extortion.

This malware gets on the machine, scans for commonly used and valuable files, and employs an army-grade encryption algorithm for the process of encryption.

Once data gets encoded and affected all files get renamed with a pattern that includes the original filename, victims' ID, and email address belonging to cybercriminals, .makop file extension. So the full extensions look something like . .[makop@airmail.cc].makop, hence the name of this virus given by malware researchers.

Also, when the ransomware virus is done with encryption, the message from criminals gets delivered on the desktop in the form of a text file with the title readme-warning.txt. This note contains instructions and primary information needed for the victim. This note encourages people to pay the ransom to get their files recovered with a decryption tool that is promised by the extortionists.

However, these decryption tools that criminals talk about, in most cases, are not even sent to you after the payment. The ransom is in demand in Bitcoin cryptocurrency, but the particular amount gets determined for each victim separately after the initial contact.

The Makop file virus is updated regularly by malware authors. Versions like Oled, KJHslgjkjdfg, [johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes, and others, ensure that ransomware performs what it is designed to do - encrypt files effectively.

Makop ransomware is an infection that drops on the system without your knowledge or permission, so initial infiltration is not noticed. However, the encryption starts almost instantly after the payload drop, so you should react to the ransom demanding message ASAP and clean the machine from any possible threats or intruders.

Unfortunately, the ransomware virus is not the program that can be easily found on the machine, in any of the program folders, so the process of eliminating the virus is not that easy. The best option for such infection is anti-malware tools that can run on the system and find various risks, malware, and malicious or dangerous files, applications. Makop had over 20 versions of associated emails:

The ransomware virus is the type of threat that is focused on generating profit, so the following instructions are encouraging people to pay up as soon as possible:

You need to note that your files may not ever get decrypted by them, even when you pay the ransom. The test decryption is there to fake the legitimacy and trust between you and the attackers.

You need to go straight for Makop ransomware removal instead of even considering paying the demanded sum. The amount of money asked from you can differ depending on the value of files stored on the machine or direct data that criminals have found on the machine. No matter how little the amount is, contacting these malicious actors can lead to issues with your privacy or even data and money loss.

Extortionists that created this Makop ransomware can lie about pretty much anything and claim to have various personal files, offer decryption software that is not even existing. Cybercriminals shouldn't be trusted, so make sure to react as soon as you receive the ransom note and clean the system from any of the programs.

You need to remove the ransomware using automatic methods - anti-malware programs because this technique allows checking many parts of the system where threats like this and related files or applications can get hidden. AV detection engines can indicate various potential threats and make your device virus-free again.

However, those system files, functions, and programs or vital features that Makop ransomware manages to damage cannot get repaired without additional help from proper cleaners or system optimizers. Programs like can fins those affected or even damaged files, repair needed registry keys without damaging other functions of your computer.

As for encrypted files, Makop ransomware elimination and virus damage repair procedures are not affecting them. You need to have data backups on an external device or a cloud service, so ransomware cannot encrypt them, and you may replace encoded files with safe copies.

Unfortunately, not everyone has those files backed up or stores their files on separate devices, so the ransomware attacks can be devastating. However, systems have some features that can help you. Firstly, the System Restore feature can help with virus elimination, and then, you can rely on Windows Previous Versions. Other methods and decryption alternatives are listed below.

  • .[KILLYOUASS@protonmail.com]
  • .[buydecryptor@aol.com]
  • .[xaodecrypt@protonmail.com]
  • .[antiransomware@aol.com]
  • .[akzhq12@cock.li]
  • .[restoring.data@protonmail.com]
  • .[farik1@protonmail.com]
  • .[modeturbo@aol.com]
  • .[verilerimialmakistiyorum@inbox.ru]
  • .[admcphel@protonmail.ch]
  • .[giantt1@protonmail.com]
  • .[data.compromised@protonmail.com]
  • .[moncler@cock.li]
  • .[viginare@aol.com]
  • .[cock89558@cock.li]
  • .[MikeyMaus77@protomail.com]
  • .[ww6666@protonmail.com]
  • .[helpdesk_makp@protonmail.ch]
  • .[buydecryptor@cock.li]
  • .[prndssdnrp@mail.fr]
Screenshot of Makop ransomware: screenshot
Makop ransomware in our 2020 report.
Makop ransomware: makop cryptovirus
Makop ransomware in our 2020 report.

From our report of May 2020 · not reviewed since

The infection starts with malicious spam campaigns

The infection that involves money extortion, blackmailing, and other dangerous processes can spread around using various misleading and deceptive methods including file-sharing pages, social media, and such services as emails.

Payload files can get sent in a message on the social media platform as a link to malicious or hacked sites. In such cases, you only need to enable the file by clicking a button on the page.

File-sharing or pirating pages can spread these malicious scripts even more silently because when you download a package with software, game cheatcodes, or licensed keys, cracks you cannot notice the included file that triggers that infection directly on your device. Staying away from these services or choosing Advanced/Custom installation options should be the best way to avoid infection.

However, when it comes to ransomware-type viruses, files attached to legitimate-looking emails from companies like DHL, eBay, FedEx, and other shopping sites or shipping services are the most employed for such a process of spreading malware. Order information, invoices, and other documents with financial data get attached to emails and once the user downloads the said file and enables macro viruses, ransomware directly gets dropped on the system.

From our report of May 2020 · not reviewed since

Makop ransomware virus termination is possible with AV tools

When you decide to remove Makop ransomware, you should go straight for anti-malware tools and reliable sources for such software.

This is the best option because your machine gets fully scanned and checked, so various malware gets indicated when found and can get completely deleted.

During the proper Makop ransomware removal, anti-malware software shows you the list of quarantined or detected malicious programs and files, that you should remove. You need to follow any suggestions from the program like or . Security tools and AV detection engines are based on finding malware, so ransomware should get eliminated on the first try.

If you still think that traces of the ransomware virus may lure on the system - double-check with the alternate tool. Then, rely on and search virus damage that requires fixing. After that, your machine should be completely clean and ready for data recovery, no matter which method you choose for that. Check a few options that we listed below.

[GI=method-1]Reboot the machine in Safe Mode with Networking and then run the AV tool to remove the ransomware this way

[GI=method-2]System Restore feature helps with the file-encrypting threat because it allows resetting the machine in a previous state

Windows Previous Versions feature – a method for recovering files

When you enable the System Restore feature, you can rely on Windows Previous Versions and recover files individualy

ShadowExplorer for encrypted data

When ransomware is not affecting Shadow Volume Copies, you can rely on ShadowExplorer and restore them

Decryption for this ransomware is not possible yet

The Makop ransomware note

a ransom note left in folders

::: Greetings :::

Little FAQ:

.1.

Q: Whats Happen?

A: Your files have been encrypted and now have the "makop" extension. The file structure was not damaged, we did everything possible so that this could not happen.

.2.

Q: How to recover files?

A: If you wish to decrypt your files you will need to pay in bitcoins.

.3.

Q: What about guarantees?

A: Its just a business. We absolutely do not care about you and your deals, except getting benefits. If we do not do our work and liabilities - nobody will cooperate with us. Its not in our interests.

To check the ability of returning files, you can send to us any 2 files with SIMPLE extensions(jpg,xls,doc, etc... not databases!) and low sizes(max 1 mb), we will decrypt them and send back to you. That is our guarantee.

.4.

Q: How to contact with you?

A: You can write us to our mailbox: makop@airmail.cc

.5.

Q: How will the decryption process proceed after payment?

A: After payment we will send to you our scanner-decoder program and detailed instructions for use. With this program you will be able to decrypt all your encrypted files.

.6.

Q: If I donít want to pay bad people like you?

A: If you will not cooperate with our service - for us, its does not matter. But you will lose your time and data, cause only we have the private key. In practice - time is much more valuable than money.

:::BEWARE:::

DON'T try to change encrypted files by yourself!

If you will try to use any third party software for restoring your data or antivirus solutions - please make a backup for all encrypted files!

Any changes in encrypted files may entail damage of the private key and, as result, the loss all data.

How to remove Makop ransomware

Tools you'll need

All of these are free except where noted. Download them on a clean device if the infected PC is offline.

  • A USB stick: to keep the ransom note, two or three encrypted files and screenshots off the infected PC.
  • Microsoft Defender Offline: built into Windows 11 and Windows 10; scans before Windows starts, so running malware cannot hide.
  • Microsoft Safety Scanner: a second, portable scanner with current signatures; each download works for 10 days.
  • ID Ransomware: identifies the family from the note and one encrypted file and says whether a decryptor exists.
  • No More Ransom: the free decryptors from police and security companies; check it again every few months.
  • Fortect (optional): scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged. The free scan is in the box above.

How to remove Makop ransomware and get your files back

Work in this order.

Disconnecting comes first, removal comes before any restore, and nothing here asks you to contact the attackers.

  1. Step 1: Disconnect the PC and unplug backup drives

    Unplug the network cable or turn off Wi-Fi, and disconnect USB drives, external disks and network shares, so Makop ransomware cannot reach more files. Pause OneDrive, Google Drive or Dropbox sync, because synced folders upload the encrypted copies over the good ones.

    Leave the PC on but offline while you read the next steps, since a restart can let the ransomware run again. This applies to Windows 11 and Windows 10 alike.

    Windows 11 quick settings with Wi-Fi turned off
    Windows 11: turn off Wi-Fi to take the PC offline.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  2. Step 2: Save the ransom note and confirm the family

    Your files now end in .makop and the instructions are in readme-warning.txt. Save both to a USB stick, a copy of the note and two small encrypted files, before anything else.

    On another device, check them with ID Ransomware or Crypto Sheriff: the family name decides which decryptor, if any, can help. Keep the note's ID and contact line for your report.

    A ransom note text file next to encrypted files in File Explorer
    Windows 11: the ransom note and encrypted files to copy for identification.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  3. Step 3: Check for a free decryptor

    Our last check found that for Makop ransomware, no free decryptor is known (checked 5 October 2026). Look again yourself in the No More Ransom list and the free decryptor pages of Emsisoft, Avast and Kaspersky, which add new families every year.

    A decryptor needs the ransomware gone first, or it encrypts the files again. Keep at least one copy of the encrypted files on an external drive, even if no tool works yet.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  4. Step 4: Remove the ransomware before you restore or decrypt

    Removing Makop ransomware does not bring the files back, but it has to come first. Start with Defender's Full scan, then the offline scan from the same Scan options page, which checks the disk before Windows loads.

    If the scan cannot start, use Safe Mode with Networking. Delete the ransom notes only after you have saved a copy, because removal tools sometimes leave them behind on Windows 11 and Windows 10.

    Windows Security Scan options with Microsoft Defender Antivirus offline scan selected
    Windows 11: Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Run a Microsoft Defender Offline scan

  5. Step 5: Look for shadow copies of the files

    Windows keeps shadow copies for restore points and backups, and some ransomware fails to delete them. vssadmin list shadows in an administrator Command Prompt tells you at once whether any exist.

    If they do, right-click the folder that held your files, open Properties > Previous Versions, select a version from before the attack, and click Open to check it before you Restore or copy the files out. Windows 11 and Windows 10 both have the tab.

    Command Prompt running vssadmin list shadows
    Windows 11: vssadmin list shadows shows whether shadow copies exist.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  6. Step 6: Restore the files from a backup or recover deleted originals

    A backup made before the attack is the surest way back. Connect it only once the PC is clean, then restore from File History, Windows Backup, OneDrive's Restore your OneDrive or your own external copies.

    Without a backup, try file recovery: the originals that Makop ransomware deleted may still be on the disk until something overwrites them. Install nothing new on the drive you want to recover from on the Windows 11 or Windows 10 PC.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Recover deleted files (Recycle Bin, backups, OneDrive) On uGetFix

Instructions for each browser and system

The detailed steps for every browser and system this guide covers. Open the one you use.

Manual removal using Safe Mode

Important! →
Manual removal guide might be too complicated for regular computer users. It requires advanced IT knowledge to be performed correctly (if vital system files are removed or damaged, it might result in full Windows compromise), and it also might take hours to complete. Therefore, we highly advise using the automatic method provided above instead.

Step 1. Access Safe Mode with Networking

Manual malware removal should be best performed in the Safe Mode environment.

Windows 7 / Vista / XP

  1. Click Start > Shutdown > Restart > OK.
  2. When your computer becomes active, start pressing F8 button (if that does not work, try F2, F12, Del, etc. - it all depends on your motherboard model) multiple times until you see the Advanced Boot Options window.
  3. Select Safe Mode with Networking from the list.Windows 7/XP

Windows 10 / Windows 8

  1. Right-click on Start button and select Settings.
    Settings
  2. Scroll down to pick Update & Security.
    Update and security
  3. On the left side of the window, pick Recovery.
  4. Now scroll down to find Advanced Startup section.
  5. Click Restart now.
    Reboot
  6. Select Troubleshoot.Choose an option
  7. Go to Advanced options.Advanced options
  8. Select Startup Settings.Startup settings
  9. Press Restart.
  10. Now press 5 or click 5) Enable Safe Mode with Networking.Enable safe mode

Step 2. Shut down suspicious processes

Windows Task Manager is a useful tool that shows all the processes running in the background. If malware is running a process, you need to shut it down:

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
  2. Click on More details.
    Open task manager
  3. Scroll down to Background processes section, and look for anything suspicious.
  4. Right-click and select Open file location.
    Open file location
  5. Go back to the process, right-click and pick End Task.
    End task
  6. Delete the contents of the malicious folder.

Step 3. Check program Startup

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
  2. Go to Startup tab.
  3. Right-click on the suspicious program and pick Disable.
    Startup

Step 4. Delete virus files

Malware-related files can be found in various places within your computer. Here are instructions that could help you find them:

  1. Type in Disk Cleanup in Windows search and press Enter.
    Disk cleanup
  2. Select the drive you want to clean (C: is your main drive by default and is likely to be the one that has malicious files in).
  3. Scroll through the Files to delete list and select the following: Temporary Internet Files
    Downloads
    Recycle Bin
    Temporary files
  4. Pick Clean up system files.
    Delete temp files
  5. You can also look for other malicious files hidden in the following folders (type these entries in Windows Search and press Enter): %AppData%
    %LocalAppData%
    %ProgramData%
    %WinDir%

After you are finished, reboot the PC in normal mode.

Report it and recover your files

Report it

Report the attack even if you do not expect the files back: insurers and banks ask for the report number, and police use the contacts in the note to link cases.

United States
FBI IC3 · FTC ReportFraud

Give the victim ID, the note and the date the files were encrypted. A business that holds personal data may also have to notify its data protection authority, in the EU within 72 hours.

Protect the files you restore

Restore only after the scans are clean and the PC no longer shows files that end in .makop and no longer open; otherwise the restored copies can be damaged again.

Then build a backup that survives the next infection:

  • one copy in the cloud with version history
  • one on an external drive that is disconnected between backups
  • the working copy on the PC

Version history matters because a backup that syncs damaged files overwrites the good ones.

How to do this with the tools built into Windows: the 3-2-1 backup rule on Windows.

Stream videos without limitations, no matter where you are

There are multiple parties that could find out almost anything about you by checking your online activity.

While this is highly unlikely, advertisers and tech companies are constantly tracking you online. The first step to privacy should be a secure browser that focuses on tracker reduction to a minimum.

Even if you employ a secure browser, you will not be able to access websites that are restricted due to local government laws or other reasons. In other words, you may not be able to stream Disney+ or US-based Netflix in some countries. To bypass these restrictions, you can employ a powerful VPN, which provides dedicated servers for torrenting and streaming, not slowing you down in the process.

Data backups are important - recover your lost files

Ransomware is one of the biggest threats to personal data.

Once it is executed on a machine, it launches a sophisticated encryption algorithm that locks all your files, although it does not destroy them. The most common misconception is that anti-malware software can return files to their previous states. This is not true, however, and data remains locked after the malicious payload is deleted.

While regular data backups are the only secure method to recover your files after a ransomware attack, tools such as can also be effective and restore at least some of your lost data.

Questions about Makop ransomware

How do I open .makop files that were encrypted by ransomware?

You cannot open .makop files without the decryption key held by the attackers. The Makop ransomware uses army-grade encryption that requires a unique key to unlock each victim's files.

Files renamed with the .makop extension (like filename.[makop@airmail.cc].makop) remain inaccessible unless you pay the ransom, though even payment offers no guarantee of recovery. Your only reliable option is restoring from backups created before infection.

Is there a decryptor available for Makop ransomware?

No known decryptor exists for Makop ransomware. The encryption uses asymmetric encryption with a private key controlled only by the attackers. Unlike some older ransomware families, Makop has not been broken by security researchers.

The ransom note encourages victims to contact the attackers at makop@airmail.cc, but security experts advise against contacting them or paying, as there is no guarantee they will send a working decryption tool.

Should I pay the ransom to get my files back?

No. You should not pay the ransom. While Makop attackers offer a decryption tool and promise file recovery, there is no guarantee they will actually send it after payment.

Many victims who pay never receive the promised tool. Even if the decryption tool works, paying funds criminal operations and puts you on mailing lists for future attacks. Focus instead on removing the malware from your system.

Do paid decryption services or data recovery companies work for Makop?

Paid decryption services and data recovery companies have limited success with Makop. The encryption is extremely strong, and without the private key held by attackers, recovering files is nearly impossible.

Some companies may attempt file recovery using advanced techniques, but success rates are very low. Your best chance of recovery is if you have backups on external drives or cloud storage that were not connected during the attack.

How did Makop ransomware get on my PC?

Makop spreads through malicious email attachments, particularly files with embedded macros (Word, Excel, PowerPoint documents). Victims who download and open these infected files trigger the ransomware payload.

Other distribution methods include unprotected Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) access, fake software updates, exploit kits, and cracked software from untrusted sources. The infection begins silently and encryption starts almost immediately after the payload drops.

Was my data stolen by Makop ransomware?

Makop is primarily designed for file encryption and extortion, not data theft. However, it is possible that attackers accessed your files before encryption.

The ransom note does not specifically mention data theft, and there is no way to verify whether your personal information was copied. Assume your data may have been viewed during the attack and monitor for signs of identity theft or fraud in the following months.

Is Makop ransomware different from other ransomware with similar names?

Yes. Makop is a distinct ransomware family first observed in 2020, though it has spawned multiple variants including versions named Oled, KJHslgjkjdfg, and [johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes. It is not related to other ransomware families like Djvu or Cerber.

Makop's unique characteristics include the .makop file extension pattern and ransom notes written to readme-warning.txt. The operators have released over 20 versions with different contact email addresses.

What encryption method does Makop use and can it be broken?

Makop uses army-grade RSA encryption to lock files, making them inaccessible without the corresponding private key. The encryption is extremely strong and has not been broken by security researchers.

Each victim receives a unique key, so files encrypted by Makop cannot be unlocked with a universal decryptor. The algorithm is mathematically sound, and no shortcut exists to recover files without either the private key or paying the attackers.

What is the typical ransom amount demanded by Makop attackers?

The ransom amount varies per victim and is determined individually after initial contact with the attackers. Payment is demanded in Bitcoin cryptocurrency.

Historically, Makop has demanded hundreds to thousands of dollars, though the exact amount depends on the value of encrypted files or personal information the attackers have gathered. The attackers offer no fixed pricing and may adjust demands based on perceived ability to pay.

Will Fortect remove Makop ransomware?

Fortect scans Windows for malware and unwanted programs and repairs the system files and settings they change, and its free scan shows what it finds on your PC before you decide anything.

For Makop ransomware, follow the plan above as well: the browser steps take back permissions and settings that no scanner treats as a threat, and uninstalling the program that brought it removes the source.

Run Microsoft Defender's full scan and, if anything was found, its offline scan as a second opinion. If the symptoms are gone after the plan and both scans are clean, there is nothing more to do.

Sources

  1. Wikipedia: Cryptovirology (read October 5, 2026)
  2. Techtarget: Macro virus (read October 5, 2026)
  3. VirusTotal: Detection rate of the ransomware (read October 5, 2026)
  4. CISA: StopRansomware (read October 5, 2026)
  5. No More Ransom (read October 5, 2026)

More removal guides

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