ZES ransomware: what it is and how to remove it

ZES ransomware is a data-locking virus that belongs to the Makop malware family. First spotted in early August in 2020, this computer infection targets users all over the world and encrypts pictures, videos, documents, databases, and other files with the help of a powerful encryption algorithms RSA and AES.

Facts checked October 6, 2026. Removal steps tested on Windows 11 (26H2) and checked against Microsoft's and the browser makers' current documentation. Sections marked as our earlier report are the original text: they describe the threat as it was then and have not been reviewed since. The 2026 status, the removal steps and the questions are current.

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Do it yourself · free Remove ZES ransomware yourself 6 steps, about 18 minutes, no software needed.

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ZES ransomware: file locking virus makop version
ZES ransomware as our 2020 report showed it.

ZES ransomware: summary

NameZES ransomware
TypeFile locking virus
RelatedMakop, Oled, Paymen45
File extensionEach of the personal files is appended with .[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes extension; for example, a file picture.jpg is converted into picture.jpg[ID].[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes and can no longer be accessed
Encryption algorithmMalware uses a combination of AES + RSA to lock all non-executable and non-system files
Ransom notereadme-warning.txt is dropped on users' desktops and/or other folders on the system
Removal

Scan the PC with security software to find and remove the malware and anything installed with it. Fortect scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged.

Remove it nowTo use the full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Fortect. The scan is free.
Show 14 more facts
Contact & paymentVictims are asked to email crooks via johncastle@msgsafe.io and negotiate the payment in bitcoin (the sum is not provided)
File recoveryIf no backups are available, recovering .[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes files can be very difficult, although not impossible. In case automated Windows backups are not erased during the infection, users might be able to use third-party recovery software or built-in Windows tools to retrieve encrypted data
Detection namesNo Microsoft detection name is known
Encrypted file extension.zes
DecryptorNo free decryptor is known for this variant; check No More Ransom (nomoreransom.org) for updates
DistributionNot recorded in the old report
DamageNot recorded in the old report
SymptomsFiles renamed with a new extension and a ransom note left in folders
Evidence4 write-ups by security sites; no sample analysed yet
Encrypted files.zes
Attacker contactsjohncastle@msgsafe.io
Free decryptorNo free decryptor is known (checked 6 October 2026)
First seen6 August 2020
Facts checked6 October 2026
  • File extension: .zes
  • Note file: readme-warning.txt
  • Contact: johncastle@msgsafe.io

From our report of Aug 2020 · not reviewed since

More from our earlier report on ZES ransomware

  • Malware infection might damage your Windows system files, which can cause significant damage to its performance once the infection is removed.
  • If you are experiencing crashes, lag, errors, or other issues after you eliminate malware, use automated repair tools such as

How ZES ransomware behaves

From our report of Aug 2020 · not reviewed since

ZES ransomware is a dangerous computer infection that locks people out of their files until they pay ransom

ZES ransomware is a data-locking virus that belongs to the Makop malware family.

First spotted in early August in 2020, this computer infection targets users all over the world and encrypts pictures, videos, documents, databases, and other files with the help of a powerful encryption algorithms RSA and AES. Suchlike data becomes inaccessible to victims - they can clearly see that file icons are gone, and that a marker .[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes is appended to each of the files.

Besides the locked files, victims can also find a ransom note readme-warning.txt, which is placed on their desktops. Inside the note, threat actors explain that all the personal files on the computer were encrypted and that a unique decryption key is needed to unlock them. Of course, cybercriminals are not willing to provide it for free, and asking for a ransom payment in bitcoin cryptocurrency.

[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes virus authors can use several distribution techniques to deliver the malicious program to as many people as possible. For example, hackers can make use of malicious email attachments that are sent to thousands of users regularly - malspam remains one of the leading causes of malware infections to this day. Other ZES ransomware delivery methods include:

You could prevent malware infections by using precautionary measures - you should always ensure that your system and software is up to date, equip your machine with security software, avoid high-risk websites, and backup your most important files regularly. However, while there is nothing you can do to undo the infection currently, you should instead focus on ZES ransomware removal and ways to recover your data without paying cybercriminals.

Once inside the system, the ZES file virus performs the necessary Windows modifications in order to perform file encryption uninterrupted. For example, most malware of such type is programmed to delete Shadow Volume Copies and other built-in recovery solutions within the Windows environment. As a result, .[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes file recovery becomes almost impossible without a decryption key that is in possession of cybercriminals.

To cause maximum damage and make the infected users pay the ransom, malware targets the most commonly used file types, such as PDF, MS Office documents, archives, and others. Once the .[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes is appended, data can no longer be used, as it requires the key that only crooks have access to.

However, paying the ransom is not recommended, as you might never receive the decryption tool, so you might also lose your money (along with your files). Hence, you should seek alternative solutions for data recovery, although keep in mind that you have to remove ZES ransomware prior to that - you will need an anti-malware program from that.

  • Exploits and software vulnerabilities;
  • Fake updates for Flash, Java, Chrome, Firefox, etc.;
  • Incorrectly protected Remote Desktop or WiFi connections;
  • Software cracks/keygens/loaders or pirated program installers;
  • Backdoors, etc.
ZES ransomware: file locking virus makop version
ZES ransomware in our 2020 report.
ZES ransomware: cryptovirus demands ransom locks files
ZES ransomware in our 2020 report.

The ZES ransomware note

a ransom note left in folders

::: Greetings :::

Little FAQ:

.1.

Q: Whats Happen?

A: Your files have been encrypted and now have the "zes" extension. The file structure was not damaged, we did everything possible so that this could not happen.

.2.

Q: How to recover files?

A: If you wish to decrypt your files you will need to pay in bitcoins.

.3.

Q: What about guarantees?

A: Its just a business. We absolutely do not care about you and your deals, except getting benefits. If we do not do our work and liabilities – nobody will cooperate with us. Its not in our interests.

To check the ability of returning files, you can send to us any 2 files with SIMPLE extensions(jpg,xls,doc, etc… not databases!) and low sizes(max 1 mb), we will decrypt them and send back to you. That is our guarantee.

.4.

Q: How to contact with you?

A: You can write us to our mailbox: johncastle@msgsafe.io

.5.

Q: How will the decryption process proceed after payment?

A: After payment we will send to you our scanner-decoder program and detailed instructions for use. With this program you will be able to decrypt all your encrypted files.

.6.

Q: If I donít want to pay bad people like you?

A: If you will not cooperate with our service – for us, its does not matter. But you will lose your time and data, cause only we have the private key. In practice – time is much more valuable than money.

:::BEWARE:::

DON'T try to change encrypted files by yourself!

If you will try to use any third party software for restoring your data or antivirus solutions – please make a backup for all encrypted files!

Any changes in encrypted files may entail damage of the private key and, as result, the loss all data.

How to remove ZES ransomware

Tools you'll need

All of these are free except where noted. Download them on a clean device if the infected PC is offline.

  • A USB stick: to keep the ransom note, two or three encrypted files and screenshots off the infected PC.
  • Microsoft Defender Offline: built into Windows 11 and Windows 10; scans before Windows starts, so running malware cannot hide.
  • Microsoft Safety Scanner: a second, portable scanner with current signatures; each download works for 10 days.
  • ID Ransomware: identifies the family from the note and one encrypted file and says whether a decryptor exists.
  • No More Ransom: the free decryptors from police and security companies; check it again every few months.
  • Fortect (optional): scans Windows for malware and repairs the system files and settings it damaged. The free scan is in the box above.

How to remove ZES ransomware and get your files back

Work in this order.

Disconnecting comes first, removal comes before any restore, and nothing here asks you to contact the attackers.

  1. Step 1: Disconnect the PC and unplug backup drives

    Unplug the network cable or turn off Wi-Fi, and disconnect USB drives, external disks and network shares, so ZES ransomware cannot reach more files. Pause OneDrive, Google Drive or Dropbox sync, because synced folders upload the encrypted copies over the good ones.

    Leave the PC on but offline while you read the next steps, since a restart can let the ransomware run again. This applies to Windows 11 and Windows 10 alike.

    Windows 11 quick settings with Wi-Fi turned off
    Windows 11: turn off Wi-Fi to take the PC offline.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  2. Step 2: Save the ransom note and confirm the family

    Your files now end in .zes and the instructions are in readme-warning.txt. Save both to a USB stick, a copy of the note and two small encrypted files, before anything else.

    On another device, check them with ID Ransomware or Crypto Sheriff: the family name decides which decryptor, if any, can help. Keep the note's ID and contact line for your report.

    A ransom note text file next to encrypted files in File Explorer
    Windows 11: the ransom note and encrypted files to copy for identification.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  3. Step 3: Check for a free decryptor

    Our last check found that for ZES ransomware, no free decryptor is known (checked 6 October 2026). Look again yourself in the No More Ransom list and the free decryptor pages of Emsisoft, Avast and Kaspersky, which add new families every year.

    A decryptor needs the ransomware gone first, or it encrypts the files again. Keep at least one copy of the encrypted files on an external drive, even if no tool works yet.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  4. Step 4: Remove the ransomware before you restore or decrypt

    Removing ZES ransomware does not bring the files back, but it has to come first. Start with Defender's Full scan, then the offline scan from the same Scan options page, which checks the disk before Windows loads.

    If the scan cannot start, use Safe Mode with Networking. Delete the ransom notes only after you have saved a copy, because removal tools sometimes leave them behind on Windows 11 and Windows 10.

    Windows Security Scan options with Microsoft Defender Antivirus offline scan selected
    Windows 11: Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Scan options.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Run a Microsoft Defender Offline scan

  5. Step 5: Look for shadow copies of the files

    Windows keeps shadow copies for restore points and backups, and some ransomware fails to delete them. vssadmin list shadows in an administrator Command Prompt tells you at once whether any exist.

    If they do, right-click the folder that held your files, open Properties > Previous Versions, select a version from before the attack, and click Open to check it before you Restore or copy the files out. Windows 11 and Windows 10 both have the tab.

    Command Prompt running vssadmin list shadows
    Windows 11: vssadmin list shadows shows whether shadow copies exist.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Ransomware: first steps, finding a decryptor and recovering files

  6. Step 6: Restore the files from a backup or recover deleted originals

    A backup made before the attack is the surest way back. Connect it only once the PC is clean, then restore from File History, Windows Backup, OneDrive's Restore your OneDrive or your own external copies.

    Without a backup, try file recovery: the originals that ZES ransomware deleted may still be on the disk until something overwrites them. Install nothing new on the drive you want to recover from on the Windows 11 or Windows 10 PC.

    Full procedure with screenshots: Recover deleted files (Recycle Bin, backups, OneDrive) On uGetFix

Instructions for each browser and system

The detailed steps for every browser and system this guide covers. Open the one you use.

Manual removal using Safe Mode

Important! →
Manual removal guide might be too complicated for regular computer users. It requires advanced IT knowledge to be performed correctly (if vital system files are removed or damaged, it might result in full Windows compromise), and it also might take hours to complete. Therefore, we highly advise using the automatic method provided above instead.

Step 1. Access Safe Mode with Networking

Manual malware removal should be best performed in the Safe Mode environment.

Windows 7 / Vista / XP

  1. Click Start > Shutdown > Restart > OK.
  2. When your computer becomes active, start pressing F8 button (if that does not work, try F2, F12, Del, etc. - it all depends on your motherboard model) multiple times until you see the Advanced Boot Options window.
  3. Select Safe Mode with Networking from the list.Windows 7/XP

Windows 10 / Windows 8

  1. Right-click on Start button and select Settings.
    Settings
  2. Scroll down to pick Update & Security.
    Update and security
  3. On the left side of the window, pick Recovery.
  4. Now scroll down to find Advanced Startup section.
  5. Click Restart now.
    Reboot
  6. Select Troubleshoot.Choose an option
  7. Go to Advanced options.Advanced options
  8. Select Startup Settings.Startup settings
  9. Press Restart.
  10. Now press 5 or click 5) Enable Safe Mode with Networking.Enable safe mode

Step 2. Shut down suspicious processes

Windows Task Manager is a useful tool that shows all the processes running in the background. If malware is running a process, you need to shut it down:

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
  2. Click on More details.
    Open task manager
  3. Scroll down to Background processes section, and look for anything suspicious.
  4. Right-click and select Open file location.
    Open file location
  5. Go back to the process, right-click and pick End Task.
    End task
  6. Delete the contents of the malicious folder.

Step 3. Check program Startup

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
  2. Go to Startup tab.
  3. Right-click on the suspicious program and pick Disable.
    Startup

Step 4. Delete virus files

Malware-related files can be found in various places within your computer. Here are instructions that could help you find them:

  1. Type in Disk Cleanup in Windows search and press Enter.
    Disk cleanup
  2. Select the drive you want to clean (C: is your main drive by default and is likely to be the one that has malicious files in).
  3. Scroll through the Files to delete list and select the following: Temporary Internet Files
    Downloads
    Recycle Bin
    Temporary files
  4. Pick Clean up system files.
    Delete temp files
  5. You can also look for other malicious files hidden in the following folders (type these entries in Windows Search and press Enter): %AppData%
    %LocalAppData%
    %ProgramData%
    %WinDir%

After you are finished, reboot the PC in normal mode.

From our report of Aug 2020 · not reviewed since

[johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes file decryption options are limited

Many users who never had to deal with ransomware are shocked when they realize that they can't open [johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes files.

Due to its file locking capability, ransomware is considered one of the most dangerous and destructive pieces of malware out there, although it might sometimes not work as intended - and that is where the opportunity to recover .zes files without paying ransom comes in.

Ransomware uses a combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption, making data recovery without the key that cybercriminals have access to always impossible. However, if the data locking process is interrupted or something else goes wrong, ZES ransomware might fail to delete Shadow Volume Copies or erase System Restore.

Of course, cybercriminals claim that nothing can go wrong and that the only way to recover [johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes files is to pay the ransom:

If you are willing to pay the ransom, it is up to you, although most security researchers vouch against it. Not only might you lose your money, but it only boosts the profits of criminals, motivating them to create more malware and infect more people.

So, if you are not going to pay, what options to you have to recover [johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes without paying criminals? The answer to this question is a bit complicated, as it depends on many factors. Here are a few examples that sometimes might be helpful when trying to recover files after a ransomware attack:

However, each of these solutions has downfalls, and would only work if malware did not perform its tasks as it was intended. For more details on how to perform these steps when trying to retrieve ZES virus files.

  • Use third-party solutions that could be able to recover at least some portion of your files from your hard drive;
  • Utilize automated Windows backup systems such as Windows Previous Versions feature;
  • Wait until security researchers find weaknesses within malware code and provide a free decryption tool (this might take a long time).
ZES ransomware: encrypted files
ZES ransomware in our 2020 report.

From our report of Aug 2020 · not reviewed since

Backup encrypted files, remove ZES ransomware and only then attempt to recover your data

There were cases when malicious actors asked for more money after the first payment was provided by victims - you simply never know what ZES virus developers might do.

However, you should not remove ZES ransomware right away, as you might permanently lose access to your files. Thus, you should first copy your data over to a flash drive or another medium - encrypted files do not have malicious code inside them, so you are safe to do so.

Once that is complete, you can proceed with ZES ransomware removal. For that, install powerful security software and perform a full system scan - access Safe Mode with Networking if needed. You can then refer to the alternative [johncastle@msgsafe.io].zes file recovery methods.

[GI=method-1]In case ZES files virus prevents its termination, access Safe Mode with Networking as explained below:

[GI=method-2]Use System Restore if the option is still available:

Data recovery software might sometimes be able to recover some copies of your files from the hard drive.

Make use of Windows Previous Versions feature

This solution will only work if malware did not delete Shadow Volume Copies.

ShadowExplorer might be the best solution

This method can recover Zes files automatically when Shadow Copies are available.

No decryption software is currently available

Report it and recover your files

Report it

Report the attack even if you do not expect the files back: insurers and banks ask for the report number, and police use the contacts in the note to link cases.

United States
FBI IC3 · FTC ReportFraud

Give the victim ID, the note and the date the files were encrypted. A business that holds personal data may also have to notify its data protection authority, in the EU within 72 hours.

Make the next attack harmless

ZES ransomware could only hurt the files that had no second copy, and the signs (files that end in .zes and no longer open) showed exactly which ones those were.

The 3-2-1 rule fixes that:

  • three copies
  • two media
  • one disconnected

A practical version for a home PC: OneDrive or another cloud backup with version history, plus an external disk that you plug in once a week for File History and then unplug. Test a restore now and then by opening a few files from the backup on another device.

Details, schedules and what not to back up are in our 3-2-1 backup guide for Windows.

Stream videos without limitations, no matter where you are

There are multiple parties that could find out almost anything about you by checking your online activity.

While this is highly unlikely, advertisers and tech companies are constantly tracking you online. The first step to privacy should be a secure browser that focuses on tracker reduction to a minimum.

Even if you employ a secure browser, you will not be able to access websites that are restricted due to local government laws or other reasons. In other words, you may not be able to stream Disney+ or US-based Netflix in some countries. To bypass these restrictions, you can employ a powerful VPN, which provides dedicated servers for torrenting and streaming, not slowing you down in the process.

Data backups are important - recover your lost files

Ransomware is one of the biggest threats to personal data.

Once it is executed on a machine, it launches a sophisticated encryption algorithm that locks all your files, although it does not destroy them. The most common misconception is that anti-malware software can return files to their previous states. This is not true, however, and data remains locked after the malicious payload is deleted.

While regular data backups are the only secure method to recover your files after a ransomware attack, tools such as can also be effective and restore at least some of your lost data.

Questions about ZES ransomware

How do I open .zes files?

You cannot open them by renaming or with another program, because the content of files ending in .zes has been encrypted. The only ways back are a working decryptor for the family, or clean copies from elsewhere:

  • OneDrive versions
  • File History
  • an offline backup drive
  • Previous Versions if the ransomware did not delete them

Identify the family first by uploading the ransom note and one encrypted file to ID Ransomware or No More Ransom. Avoid websites and programs that promise to open any encrypted file; they do not work and some are scams.

Is there a free ZES ransomware decryptor?

We last checked on 6 October 2026, and for ZES ransomware no free decryptor is known. We check No More Ransom, which collects free tools from police and security companies, and the decryptor pages of the major antivirus vendors. A working decryptor exists only when the encryption has a flaw or the keys were leaked or seized.

Ignore sites and videos that offer a "ZES ransomware decryptor" for download or for a fee: these are usually scams or malware. Real decryptors are free and come from known security companies or law enforcement. Keep the encrypted files in case a tool appears later.

Should I pay the ransom?

We advise against it, and so do the FBI, Europol and national cyber agencies. Payment does not guarantee a working tool: some attackers never reply, some tools damage files, and some variants have no decryptor at all. Paying also funds further attacks and can make you a target again.

Before considering payment, try every recovery option in this guide and report the attack. Companies must involve their legal adviser and insurer, because payments to sanctioned groups can be illegal. If files are truly irreplaceable, store the encrypted copies and wait; decryptors sometimes appear later.

Can a data-recovery company decrypt my files for a fee?

Only if a decryptor already exists or the company pays the attackers for you. Some "ransomware recovery" services advertise that they can decrypt families with no known flaw; in practice they negotiate with the attackers and add their own fee. Others use the same free tools listed on No More Ransom.

Before you hire anyone, ask in writing how they will recover the files, whether they will contact the attackers and what happens if they fail. A legitimate service answers clearly. If a free decryptor exists for your family, you can run it yourself.

How did ZES ransomware get on my computer?

The way ZES ransomware spreads has not been documented yet, so look at your own recent activity. On home PCs, ransomware most often comes with cracked programs, game cheats, key generators and fake updates, or with an e-mail attachment that was opened. On business networks, attackers usually log in through Remote Desktop with a stolen or guessed password.

Think back to what was downloaded or installed in the days before files that end in .zes and no longer open, and check the Downloads folder and Installed apps sorted by date. Keep anything suspicious for your report, but do not run it again.

Did ZES ransomware steal my files or passwords?

We do not know yet. Nothing published so far shows data theft by ZES ransomware, but the only confirmed sign is files that end in .zes and no longer open, which says nothing about what happened before. Many current ransomware attacks copy files or run a password stealer first, so it is wise to act as if they did.

From a clean device, change the passwords that were saved in the browsers on this PC, starting with e-mail and banking, sign out of all sessions and turn on two-step verification. Watch bank statements and account activity for the next few weeks.

Is ZES ransomware the same as other ransomware with a similar name?

Not necessarily. Ransomware names come from the file extension, the note or a word in the code, so unrelated families often end up with similar names, and one family can appear under several names. The difference matters: a decryptor or advice for one family does not fit another and can damage files.

Compare the ending added to your files and the exact name of the note with the summary table at the top of this guide, then upload the note and one encrypted file to ID Ransomware from a clean device. If the result names another family, follow the guide for that family instead.

What does readme-warning.txt tell me about the ransomware?

Quite a lot. The file name readme-warning.txt, the wording, the contact addresses and the format of the personal ID are typical for each family. Uploading the note together with one encrypted file to ID Ransomware or No More Ransom's Crypto Sheriff usually names the family within seconds.

That name decides your options: some families have free decryptors, some can be partially recovered, and some cannot be decrypted at all. The note's claims about stolen data should be taken seriously but not at face value.

My files got .zes overnight. What happened?

Ransomware often runs at night or when the PC is idle, so the encryption finishes before anyone notices. It usually entered earlier through a cracked program, a fake installer, an e-mail attachment or remote desktop with a weak password.

The .zes extension marks every file it reached. Start by disconnecting the PC from the network, then identify the family from the ransom note and one encrypted file, check for a decryptor, and look for copies in backups and OneDrive before you consider anything else.

Will Fortect remove ZES ransomware?

Fortect scans Windows for malware and unwanted programs and repairs the system files and settings they change, and its free scan shows what it finds on your PC before you decide anything.

For ZES ransomware, follow the plan above as well: the browser steps take back permissions and settings that no scanner treats as a threat, and uninstalling the program that brought it removes the source.

Run Microsoft Defender's full scan and, if anything was found, its offline scan as a second opinion. If the symptoms are gone after the plan and both scans are clean, there is nothing more to do.

Sources

More removal guides

Questions and experiences: ZES ransomware

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